But significantly from being a hindrance, this sizzling weather forges the city's id and influences its everyday life, festivals and even its gastronomy. People are invited to find Daegu in spring or autumn, time of calendar year in the event the city is decked out in shimmering colors and gives a pleasing local climate conducive to exploration.
Many would concur that Daegu may be the residing embodiment of South Korea?�s common tradition and contemporary allure. There are a number of motives to visit this lively city; Listed here are twelve of them. 1. Inexperienced spaces offer you relaxation and peace. market, fostering the bio-well being industry during the Yeongnam area and establishing an autonomous vehicle ecosystem ?�Transportation, developing a vast railway community to make a 'just one-hour lifetime zone concerning the most crucial metropolitan areas within the Yeongnam region' ?�Environmental security, smart h2o source administration ?�Cultural tourism , and Tale tours making use of character, historical past, and tradition within the Yeongnam region.
Immerse oneself in believed-provoking exhibits that showcase the will work of equally regional and international artists, presenting a glimpse into your varied planet of recent art.
Daegu was an financial motor of Korea through the sixties??1980s period of time and was Specially recognized for its electronics business. The humid subtropical weather of Daegu is perfect for producing large-good quality apples, Hence the nickname, "Apple City".|Megacities normally have substantial numbers of homeless folks. The actual authorized definition of homelessness varies from place to state, or among distinct entities or establishments in precisely the same state or area.[38]|Here are a few outlets nearby in which you can hire bikes and electrical scooters to experience together the margins. Should the weather enables, This really is also a great spot for just a picnic with pals or spouse and children. Buy shipping, bring foods from your home, or have a corn Pet in the vending stalls close by.|This post requirements additional citations for verification. You should support boost this informative article by adding citations to dependable sources. Unsourced substance could possibly be challenged and taken off.|Seomun Industry is not simply a spot for trade, it's the beating coronary heart of Daegu. Heir for the buying and selling traditions of the Joseon dynasty, it's now a lively House where colorful fabrics rub shoulders with a prosperous and various gastronomy.|Resembling a starship from outer House, the ARC is a great place to go to with a lazy Sunday. Because it?�s Situated proper with the confluence in the Nakdong and Geumho rivers, the cinematic organic environment invitations Lots of individuals wanting to take it easy.|Dongseongno Street, essentially the most outstanding retail Road in downtown Daegu, is typically when compared to Myeongdong in Seoul. This boulevard supplies everything from luxury retailers to quick trend as well as Korean beauty products and solutions to travelers trying to find to practical experience Daegu in all its splendor.|In the evening, it lights up and transforms, giving an incredible selection of foodstuff stalls the place to appreciate regional delicacies including mandu (Korean ravioli) or tteokbokki (spicy rice cakes). It's a have to for anyone desirous to sample the essence of Korean street food items inside a festive ambiance.|By haeparanggil.com Follow the Haeparang tracking trail no. 21 and witness by far the most amazing sights of your shimmering blue east sea and lush woodlands.|Daegu and all of North Gyeongsang province experienced major guerrilla activities within the late 1940s, as 1000s of refugees shied away from the combating in Jeolla province and sought shelters in Daegu.|Such a partnership guarantees not simply a bigger geographic and demographic footprint but an unparalleled strategic alliance in many sectors. Advised by LinkedIn|3. Addressing Regional Challenges City and industrial progress bring with them problems connected to sustainability as well as setting. Problems like drinking water source, squander management, air pollution, along with the force for renewable Electricity sources are progressively essential. The BUG Mega City principle, by unifying the a few regions, can strategize holistic solutions. Regardless of whether it?�s an built-in drinking water administration method, shared waste-to-Strength vegetation, joint air excellent monitoring networks, or collaborative investments in wind and photo voltaic Power, the combined may of BUG can pave the way in which for any greener foreseeable future. 4. Joint Responses to Modern day Problems In an period described by unexpected worries such as COVID-19 pandemic, the need for cohesive strategies hasn't been clearer. The BUG Mega City?�s opportunity lies not merely in shared methods but in shared resilience. By pooling clinical services, exploration, and general public wellbeing tactics, the location can navigate these kinds of crises with amplified efficacy. Additionally, as South Korea embarks on its formidable Korean New Deal, focusing on environmentally friendly growth and digital transformation, the BUG Mega City, with its combined industrial, technological, and human assets, is usually a lynchpin in the realization of this national vision. In conclusion, the BUG Mega City, when nascent in its conceptualization, holds the guarantee of redefining South Korea?�s regional advancement. By harnessing its intrinsic prospective and addressing shared issues head-on, it could pretty effectively set a benchmark for built-in city-regional expansion from the 21st century. The Yeongnam Grand Mega City and Inter-regional Collaboration|Air air pollution will be the introduction into your environment of chemical substances, particulate subject, or Organic supplies that bring about harm or distress to human beings or other living organisms, or damages the pure environment.[47][forty eight] Numerous city spots have substantial problems with smog, a variety of air air pollution derived from vehicle emissions from inner combustion engines and industrial fumes that react during the ambiance with sunlight to kind secondary pollutants that also Incorporate with the primary emissions to kind photochemical smog. Electrical power and material methods|The jackpot had been developing since somebody that purchased a Mega Thousands and thousands ticket at ShopRite in Neptune Township gained the massive $1.thirteen billion prize on March 26. It?�s the largest prize ever won in New Jersey and also the eighth greatest in U.S. lottery background.|Continue on looking at To find out more about how to proceed in Daegu which include some vacationer well known functions to test, what Daegu is recognized for, plus the prime 3 destinations to remain during your excursion plus much more.|Just after exiting the cable auto, visitors may also get inside of a panoramic view of Daegu from your Apsan Observatory.|The approval for improve of land use inside a residential spot without the need of session with community citizens signifies a failure by the regional district Business office to adequately guidance equally communities, and of the authorities to mediate productive communication involving the two groups. Notably, the Muslim Group did not disseminate facts towards the regional residents on its strategies, Regardless of regional awareness of Muslim worship in a dwelling on the positioning since 2014, and basic acceptance of what some people saw as evening-time disturbance over the time of Ramadan.[48] For the reason that dispute began however, dialogue between the local citizens plus the Muslim community has become hampered by 3rd get-togethers in Korea, according to the Muslim Neighborhood spokesperson.[47] As of May well 2023, design was underway; variations had not been settled.[47] Education and learning[edit]|Within the reduce station there?�s a swimming pool, driving assortment and services for horseback Using and archery.|The jackpot had been rising considering the fact that someone who bought a ticket at ShopRite in Neptune Township won the massive $1.13 billion prize on March 26. It?�s the largest prize ever won in New Jersey as well as the eighth premier in U.S. lottery heritage.|Daegu Global Airport (TAE) handles flights from various important Intercontinental towns together with domestic flights. Positioned just a couple kilometers with the city Heart, the airport is very well served by community transportation and cabs, building your arrival inside the city a breeze.|Getting to Daegu is equally easy and handy, because of its central spot in South Korea and excellent transport back links. Irrespective of whether you might be arriving from overseas or touring in the place, there are various selections for locating this distinctive city.|When you wish to remain somewhere in which you have usage of the freshest Korean foods, Dalseong State may be the ideal put so that you can remain. |Daegu is full of historical tradition, impressive sights, and normal splendor. Not just this, the amazingly stunning city is really worth watching and it has quite a bit to offer its tourists.|"This website page may possibly have affiliate hyperlinks, which implies we might get a tiny Fee, without charge to you personally, in case you make a invest in through a url!"|The exhibitions are mostly modern-day and contemporary art Nonetheless they?�re all fairly outstanding. It?�s also fairly cheap when compared to related exhibitions in big western metropolitan areas. And Whilst a lot of the highlighted artists are Korean, there?�s continue to a great number of international art.|Bullo-dong Tomb Park is residence to much more than 200 ancient burial mounds across one valley. It?�s a great deal like the Egyptian pyramid tradition.|The merchants are all really extravagant, and there?�s many luxurious brands. The foods courtroom is fairly a sight in alone, designed out to resemble city streets. There are numerous good sites to seize a Chunk but I extremely suggest seeking Crystal Jade?�s Xiao Long Bao.|Even supposing most locals prefer to shop with the supermarket or Section retailer, conventional market tradition however thrives in Daegu. Seomun Sector, For example, is one of Korea?�s previous remaining markets from your Joseon Dynasty, and in some cases now is among the best markets during the city to pick up neighborhood develop. There?�s a body portray Pageant Held in late summer at Duryu Park, the once-a-year Daegu Global Bodypainting Festival (DIBF) can be an occasion to generally be expert. Here, artists from all corners from the world Collect to show off their abilities. The occasion culminates in your body painting Opposition, in which practically nude versions are transformed into extraordinary performs of art in just some several hours.}
Donghwasa Temple signifies an important Portion of Daegu's spiritual and cultural heritage. Nestling over the slopes of Palgongsan Mountain, this thousand-12 months-aged temple is a haven of peace exactly where website visitors can admire operates of Buddhist art, like an imposing Buddha statue. It's an area of meditation but will also of discovery, testifying to the richness of Korean spirituality.
By Bus: Daegu is well-linked to other cities and areas as a result of an in depth bus community. You may take Convey buses or intercity buses to achieve Daegu from many locations in South Korea. BC). In actual fact, several of the earliest proof of Mumun settlement in Gyeongsangdo have already been excavated from Siji-dong and Seobyeon-dong.|The country has absent from a comparatively high poverty to top 20 richest nations around the world in under thirty decades. The Kingdom of Silla, ruled by King Gyeongdeok, the 35th monarch in 757 begins to utilize the identify of Daegu. The speedy industrial enhancement, especially in the textile marketplace, has authorized Daegu in 1960 to surpass its neighboring cities.|Instagram of Daegu City In case you are considering having a crack from city lifestyle then do take into account traveling to the gradual-paced atmosphere in Mabijeong Mural Village. It truly is a little but lovely village which draws in people from across the world.|Daegu Sindang Elementary School is really a public elementary school located in Dalseo-gu, Daegu, near the campus of Keimyung University. The school's motto is "To lift little ones who will be upright, clever, and powerful", and its emblem and flower are definitely the magnolia and pine tree, respectively. Daegu Sindang Elementary Faculty contains a record of excellence in sporting activities, tunes and lecturers, and has won several awards in these fields.|Daegu skyline as viewed from KNU's Technopark Commonly, Daegu is referred to as a conservative city. Together with being the biggest inland city in the region beside Seoul it has grown to be one of several significant metropolitan areas in the country.|Be a part of passionate followers when you cheer to the city?�s beloved baseball crew, the Samsung Lions, and expertise the thrill of a Stay sporting function.|The tower is more than two hundred meters in peak and one of the better places to Select a date night time. Get pleasure from the last word birds-eye perspective of Daegu with the best where There may be a tremendous revolving cafe at the same time.|There?�s a Competition devoted to hen and beer Among the finest techniques to chill down in Daegu, Korea?�s most popular city, is usually to gorge on chimaek, the renowned Korean culinary combination of rooster and beer. The Daegu Hen & Beer Pageant, which can be held yearly in July, presents site visitors with the chance to knowledge this more and more well known Korean gastronomic trend. Some one hundred taking part vendors serve up the state?�s greatest recipes, when K-pop concerts preserve audiences entertained.|IVisitKorea is usually a participant within the Amazon Companies LLC Associates Program, an affiliate marketing method designed to supply a way for Internet websites to earn promotion revenues by marketing and linking to Amazon.|In this particular struggle, the forces of Goryeo were being crushed and Wang Kŏn himself was saved only from the heroic deed of his basic Sin Sung-gyŏm. Even so, the atrocities with the Afterwards Baekje forces presently seemingly changed nearby sympathizers to favor Wang Kŏn, who later on became the king of Goryeo.|If you plan to travel throughout the outskirts of Daegu, it truly is a smart idea to carry an auto or lease an automobile. It requires about four hrs (300km) from Seoul to Daegu by auto using the Jungbu Naeryuk Expressway.|If you purchase a product or register for an account through a link on our website, we might receive compensation. By using This great site, you consent to our Person Settlement and concur that your clicks, interactions, and personal information may be gathered, recorded, and/or stored by us and social networking along with other third-party associates in accordance with our Privateness Coverage.|By Alltrails.com The Biseulsan park boasts loaded terrain and purely natural forest. Its vacation resort is an excellent spot for those who are in search of peace and respite.|The hospitality and friendliness of Daegu's persons incorporate an extra dimension to the customer knowledge. Hospitality is a local delight, and travelers quickly sense in your own home.|As such, Jeju City would not delight in Particular autonomy and only has exactly the same lawful powers since the A lot lesser Seogwipo City. The administrative authority of Jeju City is attempting to grow the scope of administrative authority delegated with the provincial governing administration on the city authorities.[four] Specific-status city[edit]|Immerse yourself during the spiritual ambiance of Donghwasa Temple, a revered haven of Buddhism nestled inside the mountains. Marvel with the sight in the colossal Buddha statue, towering 17 meters substantial, since it presides in excess of the temple grounds.|You'll be able to view the Seonhwa-dang making the place the governor worked, valued as on the list of couple of surviving governing administration buildings within the period of time in Korea, plus the governor?�s residence Jungcheong-gak.|Keimyung University, most important building Daegu and its satellite towns are among the areas which have the largest personal higher academic establishments in Korea. Several in their primary campuses can be found while in the nearby Gyeongsan city which serves the Daegu region as a faculty town. Kyungpook Countrywide University (KNU) is Just about the most very ranked and effectively organized countrywide universities in Korea. It retains large ranks in and throughout the city in lots of academic fields, while DGIST(Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technological innovation) is recognized as one among Korea's major universities in the field of science and technological innovation.|A big city is actually a city (other than a special city or a metropolitan city) which has a populace better than five hundred,000, and has long been selected by an purchase in the nationwide govt less than Post 198 on the Community Autonomy Act. Big municipal cities are provided the ability to subdivide by themselves into non-autonomous districts (?�반�? 一?��?).|It?�s a sight that images can?�t do justice and is likely to make the climb plus the tough journey right before it (metro, bus experience and taxi) fully worth your while.|Don?�t ignore to convey your digicam and when you did it mistakenly, soon after traveling significant altitudes and landing you will end up delivered the flight movie. The best part is you'll get the movie quickly, you don?�t have to wait to have it.|The Yangnyeongsi herb health care Competition and Otgol village festival are the contemporary festivals about conventional lifestyle.|sights, Additionally, there are lots of tables and sheds that enable for just a food split as well as an outdoor catnap. Effectively-maintained boardwalks and ropewalks make the stroll surprisingly easy.|If you?�re a supporter, you?�ll be pleased to understand that one of many primary commercial streets in downtown Daegu sells Korean cosmetics pretty much exclusively.}
Even if most men and women have on garments on a daily basis, handful of persons consider the real worthy of in their clothes or textiles. of the hydrogen industry ecosystem within the Yeongnam area ??Establishment|Institution} on the Yeongnam location railway and highway-focused cooperation venture ??Establishment|Institution} of an integrated logistics association while in the Yeongnam area ??Water|Drinking water|H2o} excellent advancement job from the h2o offer supply (Nakdong River) ?�Y-Waterfront: Grand tour of rivers and seas ??Establishment|Institution} and operation in the Yeongnam region regional cooperation committee ??Sharing and linking of health-related assets was advised.|Each and every visitor leaves with an enriched eyesight of South Korea, an indelible memory of the city that oscillates involving past and long term.|The city?�s textile industries are especially essential, and There's also metal and equipment-making industries. Daegu is finest regarded, even so, for the caliber of the apples developed while in the encompassing region, which are exported all over East and Southeast Asia.|Acquire leisurely strolls alongside the scenic lakefront, appreciate picnics amidst blooming cherry blossoms in Spring, or hire a paddleboat for just a enjoyable journey within the tranquil waters.|It?�s a tidy brick structure with two basement floors. There are a few Show rooms, one of which happens to be a Specific exhibit corridor.|It was absorbed in the kingdom of Silla no later than the fifth century. The vestiges 더대구룸 on the wall may be found, and relics are already excavated in the current Dalseong Park. Silla[edit]|In summary, Daegu unfolds as a fascinating mixture of tradition, mother nature, and contemporary attract. With the very best points to carry out in Daegu at your fingertips, immerse by yourself in the city?�s lively society, discover historical temples, and savor mouthwatering Avenue foods at bustling marketplaces.|It is surrounded by a good amount of places to eat and coffee stores, and partners and families normally Assemble right here. In the evening, the lake lights up by using a music and fountain exhibit. And in the springtime, the shorelines flip pink with all The attractive cherry blossoms.|Instagram of Daegu.go.kr If you're a museum particular person then this museum is the greatest therapy to suit your needs. You can expertise the many year-previous traditions of oriental medicines and medicines markets listed here.|Daegu, metropolitan city, southeastern South Korea. Daegu is among South Korea?�s largest urban places and it has the standing of the metropolitan city underneath the direct control of the central governing administration, with administrative status equal to that of a province.|The fortress, having said that, were demolished during the early twentieth century. Whilst Daegu is the nation's 3rd or fourth largest city, the Dongseongno area form the largest and the broadest downtown area in the whole state apart from the cash city, Seoul. Typically, well known makes open up their branch shop to start with in this article out of your Larger Seoul place.[forty two]|The fireplace unfold across two trains inside of minutes, killing 192 folks and injuring 151 Other people. It remains the deadliest deliberate lack of everyday living in only one incident in South Korean peacetime heritage.|While you?�d hope, spring and summer time are a great time and energy to shell out a pay a visit to, however the arboretum?�s landmark party could be the Chrysanthemum Pageant across two months at the end of Oct and start of November.|Jjimgalbi: braised beef ribs cooked in an aluminum pot using a deep spicy, sweet, and garlicky marinade}
The park is also housed in just Korea?�s oldest earthen fortress, that may be traced again to a few kingdom eras and dates back to approximately 261 C.E.
Spring and slide are surely the best occasions to visit, mainly because it?�s in the event the seasonal hues arrive at daily life. There?�s also a beautiful Korean Backyard garden and plenty of picnic decks, in which you can love a good meal with family members whilst savoring the landscapes and fresh new air. All Cookies?? you comply with the storing of cookies on your unit to reinforce website navigation, assess website use, and aid inside our advertising attempts.|You will not only get relaxed but will likely encounter what you've got not expert in advance of. You'll find gender-separated transforming rooms and sizzling bathtubs. So Exactly what are you expecting?|Also, the city would be the warmest region in South Korea mainly because of the humid subtropical local weather. This local climate issue provides the area with top quality apples and oriental melons. The fruit marketplace is a crucial assist for the community economic system.|It?�s a few thirty-minute bus experience from the center and far better found on a sunny day. Have a wander, Possess a picnic, and take it easy whilst savoring the distant city sights.|E-Worldwith its majestic 83 Toweris a lot more than just an amusement park. It symbolizes Daegu's capacity to Incorporate contemporary enjoyment with pure natural beauty. The tower, supplying a spectacular panorama with the city and its environment, is great for photography enthusiasts or Individuals hunting for a passionate instant under the stars. The adjacent park, with its diverse points of interest, assures an enjoyable-crammed working day for website visitors of any age.|You will discover various exhibitions and arms-on training applications. The museum also offers animation and graphic shows in greater than three languages.|Unsurprisingly, visits towards the deity spike for the duration of Korea?�s yearly higher education entrance Examination time period in late November, so count on crowds for the duration of that time|From housing and transportation to public solutions and amenities, every side of city residing in the Greater Seoul Area faces tension as a consequence of its dense population. This has resulted in skyrocketing property charges, congested transit programs, and environmental degradation. Secondly, whilst the Greater Seoul Space thrives, the depopulation in peripheral areas leaves driving ghost towns, underutilized infrastructure, and dwindling local economies. The cultural and societal fabric of such spots will get weakened as younger generations migrate to city centers, leaving behind an aging inhabitants with constrained resources. This imbalance also brings about a loss of regional identity, traditions, and heritage, as there are actually fewer people today to hold them forward. Economically, this disparity ensures that although the money region is burgeoning, other locations are lacking out on likely investments, improvements, and expansion options. This not simply limits the countrywide economic potential but also brings about a lopsided enhancement wherever prosperity is just not shared equally across the nation. The magnet effect of your Increased Seoul Area, while easy to understand, has designed a ripple of problems. It?�s a conundrum of urbanization where the incredibly aspects that make a area eye-catching also contribute to its downsides. And because the disparities increase, so does the urgency to deal with this imbalance, for your sake of the harmonious and sustainable long term for South Korea. From Capital Dominance to Well balanced Growth: The Genesis with the BUG Eyesight|The top flooring presents a unique delightful watch of Daegu?�s cityscape. There?�s an ample open House you'll be able to roam in freely, acquire pictures, and get a Chunk.|The pavilion, clad with silver pillows and designed to evoke a skipping stone or Korean rice bowl was created by The big apple?�s Asymptote studio as Section of the whole world Expo 2012.|Nevertheless, You will also find leisure facilities on the mountain?�s base the place travellers can love other activities like archery, horseback riding, and swimming.|The unmatched focus of instructional establishments, businesses, technological advancements, and cultural treasures makes it a magnet not just for Koreans but for global talent and investments. While the cash location surges in advance, non-funds areas uncover on their own within a precarious place. As opposed to collaborating, these areas frequently obtain them selves in a very zero-sum Level of competition from each other for sources, talent, and investments. This intra-regional competition does them no favors. In lieu of strengthening their unique positions from the funds, they inadvertently weaken their collective stance. With Every single region trying to outdo one other, the main focus gets subtle, and the overall possible receives diluted. With this race, the money location, with its consolidated energy, invariably comes out in advance, even more widening the development hole. The BUG Mega City Notion emerges from this backdrop as being a beacon of hope. Recognizing the constraints of past endeavors plus the stark realities in the existing, this idea aims to pool the strengths of Busan, Ulsan, and Gyeongnam, creating a formidable counterweight to your money?�s dominance. By fostering collaboration over Level of competition and leveraging its exclusive strengths, the BUG Mega City has the potential to reshape South Korea?�s developmental narrative, guaranteeing a more balanced and inclusive advancement story for the longer term. The Synergies of Busan, Ulsan, and Gyeongnam|Daegu's very first frequent markets were being set up in the late Joseon time period. The most well known of these would be the Yangnyeongsi herbal medicine industry. This turned a center of herbal trade in Joseon, and also captivated purchasers from neighboring international locations.|The city has a number of shops. Quite a few of these belong to nationwide or multinational chains, although the local Daegu Division Retail outlet also operates two branches, while Yet another community chain, Donga Office Shop operates four inside the city correct.|You will see this put worth investing time on throughout the year in all the seasons. Its blooming bouquets, stunning dales, and ice-capped mounts are freely giving bewitching views.|A lot of the well-recognised significant universities are located in Suseong-gu mainly because its academic quality and zeal are substantial regular in the place.|In 1905, the old fortress wall was wrecked. To be a tribute for the wall, streets that now operate where the wall after stood have already been named Bukseongno, Namseongno, Dongseongno and Seoseongno, which translates as "north fortress street", "south fortress street", "east fortress street" and "west fortress Avenue" respectively.|Once we wrote this record in 2019 there had just been a solo exhibition for the prolific Alex Katz as well as a retrospective for Jeon Seon Taek, Daegu?�s most critical twentieth-century artist.|An icon and motif of Daegu, this Wonderful cruciform church is sort of a sight, with its twin spires. Initially produced in Wooden, the very first incarnation??Daegu herbal medication industry: Relationship from 1658, this marketplace has a sizable track record background. It tends to make him among the biggest and oldest drug industry in Korea. Filled with shops giving off different fragrance who'll awake your curiosity.|Take a look at Lake Suseong is often a jewel of tranquility. With its charming cafés and h2o-centered leisure services, It truly is the proper spot for a soothing working day or possibly a romantic night.|Regrettably, your browser is not supported. You should download one of such browsers for the most effective experience on usatoday.com|Quite a few standard ceremonies and festivals in agrarian Modern society disappeared in the entire process of modernization. A Confucian ritual ceremony termed Seokjeondaeje is held at Daegu-hyanggyo just about every spring and autumn.|If you purchase an item or sign up for an account via a backlink on our website, we could obtain compensation. By making use of This page, you consent to our User Settlement and concur that your clicks, interactions, and private data could be gathered, recorded, and/or stored by us and social media marketing and other 3rd-party companions in accordance with our Privateness Policy.|The city?�s place at the junction of two significant rivers gave increase to Seomun Current market, that's famed for its fabrics, and is a Road food items mecca following Dusk.|The local apple-developing field began to prosper right after missionaries from America inside the early twentieth century grafted cuttings from American apple trees on to the neighborhood crab apple trees.}
According to resources, this area features a loaded Korean historical and cultural heritage that vacationers are invited to immerse themselves in.
Many vacationers who journey to Daegu should Imagine significantly about remaining Within this area so They could be near to these two attractions. }